Slideshow transcript
Slide 1: Blood Transfusion Nursing Procedure
Slide 2: *Whole blood transfusion replenishes the circulatories: Volume Oxygen-carrying capacity *Packed Red Blood Cells (RBCs) restores: Oxygen-carrying capacity Both treat decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit.
Slide 3: Two nurses must identify the: 1. Patient 2. Blood products before administering a transfusion (to prevent errors & potentially fatal reaction)
Slide 4: If a patient is a Jehova’s Witness, a transfusion requires special written permission.
Slide 5: Equipments needed 1. Blood recipient set (filter & tubing with drip chamber for blood, or combined set)
Slide 6: Equipments needed 2. I.V. pole 3. Gloves 4. Gown 5. Face Shield
Slide 7: Equipments needed 6. Multi-lead tubing
Slide 8: Equipments needed 7. Whole blood or packed RBC’s
Slide 9: Equipments needed 8. 250 ml of Normal Saline Solution
Slide 10: Equipments needed 9. Venipuncture equipment, if necessary (should include 20G or larger catheter)
Slide 11: Equipments needed 10. optional: ice bag, warm compresses
Slide 12: Getting Ready Avoid obtaining either whole blood or packed RBC’s until you’re ready to begin the transfusion Prepare the equipment when you’re ready to start the infusion.
Slide 13: The Procedure Explain the procedure to the patient Make sure an informed consent has been signed Record baseline vital signs
Slide 14: The Procedure Obtain whole blood or packed RBCs from the blood bank within 30 minutes of the transfusion start time.
Slide 15: The Procedure Check the expiration date on the blood bag, & observe for abnormal color, RBC clumping, gas bubbles, & extraneous material. Return outdated or abnormal blood to the blood bank.
Slide 16: The Procedure Compare the name & number on the patient’s wristband with those on the blood bag label.
Slide 17: The Procedure Check the blood bag identification number, ABO blood group, and Rh compatibility. Also, compare the patient’s blood bank identification number, if present, with the number on the blood bag.
Slide 18: The Procedure Identification of blood & blood products is performed at the patient’s bedside by two licensed profesionals, according to the facility’s policy.
Slide 20: The Procedure Wash your hands. Put on gloves, a gown, & a face shield.
Slide 21: Remove IV administration set and fluid from packaging
Slide 22: Remove the cover from the selected spike and the cover from the bottle/bag of fluid.
Slide 23: The Procedure Then insert the spike of the line you’re using for the normal saline solution into the bag of saline solution aseptically.
Slide 24: When fluid drips out of the end of the distal tubing turn off the infusion rate clamp.
Slide 25: The Procedure Using a Y-type set, close all the clamps on the set.
Slide 26: The Procedure Next, open the port on the blood bag & insert the other spike.
Slide 27: The Procedure Hang the bags on the I.V. pole,
Slide 28: The Procedure open the clamp on the line of saline solution,
Slide 29: The Procedure squeeze the drip chamber until it’s half full.
Slide 30: The Procedure If the patient doesn’t have an I.V. line in place, perform venipuncture, using a 20G or larger-diameter catheter.
Slide 31: The Procedure Avoid using an existing line if the needle or catheter lumen is smaller than 20G. Ventral venous access devices also may be used for transfusion therapy.
Slide 32: The Procedure If you’re administering whole blood, gently invert the bag several times to mix the cells.
Slide 33: The Procedure Attach the prepared blood administration set to the venipuncture device, & flush it with normal saline solution.
Slide 34: The Procedure Then close the clamp to the saline solution, & open the clamp between the blood bag & the patient.
Slide 35: The Procedure Adjust the flow clamp closest to the patient to deliver the blood at the calculated drip rate.
Slide 36: The Procedure Remain with the patient, & watch for the signs of a tranfusion reaction, such as fever, chills, & wheezing.
Slide 37: The Procedure If such sign develop, record vital signs and stop the transfusion.
Slide 38: The Procedure Infuse saline solution at a moderately slow infusion rate, & notify the doctor at once.
Slide 39: The Procedure If no signs of a reaction appear within 15 minutes, you’ll need to adjust the flow clamp to the ordered infusion rate.
Slide 40: The Procedure A unit of RBCs may be given over 1-4 hours as ordered.
Slide 41: The Procedure After completing the transfusion, you’ll need to put on gloves & remove & discard the used transfusion equipment.
Slide 42: The Procedure Then remember to reconnect the original I.V. fluid, if necessary, or disconnect the I.V. infusion.
Slide 43: The Procedure Return the empty blood bag to the blood bank, & discard the tubing & filter.
Slide 44: The Procedure Record the patient’s vital signs.
Slide 45: Practice Pointers Although some microaggregate filters can be used for up to 10 units of blood, always replace the filter & tubing if more than 1 hour elapses between transfusions.
Slide 46: Practice Pointers When administering multiple units of blood, use blood warmer to avoid hypothermia.
Slide 47: Practice Pointers For rapid blood replacement, know that you may need to use a pressure bag.
Slide 48: Practice Pointers If you’re administering packed RBCs with Y-type set, you can add saline solution to the bag to dilute the cells by closing the clamp between the patient & the drip chamber & opening the clamp from the blood
Slide 49: Practice Pointers Then lower the blood bag below the saline solution container & let 30-50ml of saline solution flow into the packed cells.
Slide 50: Practice Pointers Finally, close the clamp to the blood bag, rehang the bag, rotate it gently to mix the cells & saline container
Slide 51: Documenting Blood Transfusion In your notes, record: Date & time of the transfusion. Type & amount of transfusion product. Patient’s vital signs. Your check of all identification data. Transfusion reaction & nursing actions taken.
Slide 52: “Nurses Informations” http://nursesinformations.blogspot.com
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