Tuesday, June 24, 2008

Multiple Myeloma

2:18 PM Medical and Surgical Nursing No comments

MULTIPLE MYELOMA

_{Myeloma PET Scan Multiple Myeloma}

* A malignancy of plasma cells, specifically the B lymphocytes. Infiltration occurs in the bones and soft tissues.

Assessment
A. Clinical Manifestations.

1. Back pain, bone pain.

2. Pathological fractures.

3. Hypercalcemia.

4. Renal failure.

B. Diagnostics.

1. Serum and/or protein electrophoresis.

2. Bone marrow biopsy.

3. X-ray film showing typical punched-out appearance of the bones caused by demineralization.

Treatment

A. Chemotherapy.

B. Palliative radiation therapy.

_{PET-CT-Fusion corona multiple myeloma}

Nursing Intervention

GOAL: To maintain physical equilibrium.

A. Careful ambulation to decrease hypercalcemia and improve pulmonary status.

B. Adequate hydration to prevent calcium from precipitating in the kidneys; careful monitoring of hydration status.

C. Comfort measures and analgesics for pain.

D. Safety measures to prevent pathological fractures.

1. Do not lift anything weighing more than 10 pounds.

2. Use proper body mechanics.

E. Braces may be necessary to support the spine.

GOAL: To assist client to understand implications of the disease and measures to maintain health.

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It is rare to come across a patient who doesn't have stress! Help patients understand what stress is and when to seek treatment. Remember the following basics that are positive about stress:

* Stress can help protect you from danger.
* Stress can alert you to a problem.
* Stress can help you meet a challenge.

When frostbite occurs, remember that although the patient may not be able to feel the affected body part, the rewarming process can be very painful. Administer analgesia and titrate it as needed. Also, immerse the affected area in warm water, not hot; the temperature should be between 104° F to 108° F (40 ° C to 42° C)

Wound specimens are collected to identify infectious organisms. The three available techniques are swab cultures, needle aspiration, and tissue biopsy. The most practical and widely available method is the swab culture, which can be done using one of three techniques.

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Tuesday, June 24, 2008

Multiple Myeloma

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